Comparing the Four Phases of School Effectiveness Research Across International Schools: Identifying Commonalities and Differences

Abstract

This paper provides a literature review on the use of School Effectiveness Research (SER) in international contexts. SER is a valuable tool for identifying characteristics that contribute to school effectiveness and improving student learning outcomes. The review examines the definition and evolution of SER, the four phases of SER, and the application of SER in international schools. It also discusses the characteristics of effective schools in different countries and cultures, the advantages and disadvantages of each phase of SER, and the challenges and opportunities of conducting SER across international contexts. The review suggests that using a holistic approach that takes into account all four stages of SER can provide a more full view of school effectiveness. The review concludes with implications for future research and policy, limitations and suggestions for future studies, and a call for educators to recognize good practices from many cultural contexts to increase cross-cultural understanding and improve educational achievements for all children.