Clove Isolates Abates Trichloroacetic Acid Induced Endocrine Insufficiency, and Modulates Gene Expression of PCNA but Not Capase-3

Abstract

The escalating global burden of endocrine disorders has prompted the exploration of novel therapeutic agents from natural sources. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a common industrial chemical, is implicated as an endocrine disruptor, emphasizing the need for compounds counteracting TCA-induced insufficiency. This study investigates the potential protective effects of clove isolates, focusing on reproductive health and gene expression modulation.

Reproductive health, particularly male fertility, faces challenges from environmental factors, including chemical contaminants. Clove isolates, notably eugenol and eugenyl acetate, exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, prompting examination for their efficacy in mitigating TCA-induced disruptions in endocrine function.

In the rat models, groups exposed to TCA show significant decreases in testosterone levels, while those treated with clove isolates exhibit notable increases, suggesting a potential role in restoring hormonal balance. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) display varied responses, adding complexity to understanding clove isolates’ effects on different hormones. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals decreased expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and Caspase-3 in groups treated with clove isolates, indicating a potential modulating effect on TCA-induced endocrine insufficiency.

The study provides valuable insights into the protective effects of clove isolates against TCA-induced endocrine insufficiency, emphasizing their potential as interventions and contributing to the broader understanding of natural compounds’ protective effects on testicular function.