Investigating the Effects of Solar Radiation on Residential Architecture in Port Harcourt Metropolis

Abstract

This study investigates the multifaceted effects of solar radiation on residential architecture within the Port Harcourt Metropolis, a region characterized by a tropical monsoon climate. The study aims to analyze the prevailing climatic conditions, assess the impact of solar radiation on indoor thermal comfort and energy consumption, evaluate current architectural design practices and material selections, and propose elective passive and active solar design strategies. Drawing upon a comprehensive literature review of scholarly articles, this research synthesizes existing knowledge on solar radiation characteristics, its implications for building performance, and climate-responsive design principles. Key findings indicate that high solar radiation in Port Harcourt significantly contributes to increased indoor temperatures, leading to discomfort and higher energy demands for cooling. Current architectural practices often fall short in adequately addressing these challenges, necessitating shift towards more sustainable and energy-efficient design approaches. The article proposes a range of strategies, including optimized building orientation, effective shading devices, enhanced natural ventilation techniques, and the judicious selection of building materials with favorable thermal properties. Furthermore, the integration of active solar systems, such as photovoltaic panels, is explored as a viable solution for reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. This study contributes to the academic discourse on climate-responsive architecture in tropical environments and offers practical recommendations for architects, urban planners, and homeowners in Port Harcourt, fostering the development of thermally comfortable, energy-efficient, and sustainable residential buildings. The insights gleaned from this research are crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of solar radiation, promoting environmental sustainability, and improving the quality of life for residents in the metropolis.