Innovation in Science and Technology

Trends and Clinical Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization in Selected Nigerian Cities: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study

Enyioma-Alozie Swesme — 2025-08-08

Background: The advent of In vitro fertilization (IVF) in the late 20^th century has greatly transformed reproductive medicine. It has brought hope to millions of individuals and couples facing the challenges of infertility. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), notably In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), has shown promise in treating infertility, yet its use in Nigeria is limited by high costs, inconsistent success rates, and a lack of standardized clinical protocols. Aim: The current study investigated the trends and clinical outcomes of IVF treatments in two Nigerian cities, Abuja and Jos, between 2016 and 2022, providing a comprehensive analysis of IVF demand, success rates, and associated risk factors. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of 26,233 medical records from four fertility centers in Abuja and Jos was conducted. Data, including clinical indications, treatment outcomes, and infertility-related variables, were extracted from patient records spanning six years. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were employed to examine trends and identify significant factors affecting IVF success. Results: The study revealed a notable increase in IVF cases, with Abuja Hospital showing a surge from 503 cases in 2018 to 1,665 in 2022. Success rates varied, with Abuja Hospital achieving a 94% success rate in 2021. Male infertility was a primary cause of IVF failure, and multiple pregnancies were common, especially in 2022, with 974 multiple pregnancies out of 1,552 successful IVF treatments at Abuja North Hospital. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate growing demand for IVF services in Nigeria, with a high incidence of multiple pregnancies. These trends highlight the need for improved embryo selection and management protocols. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing IVF practices and improving patient outcomes in Nigeria.

Hepatitis D and E Viruses Cause Liver Damage: Management and Prevention are the Best Policies of Elimination These

Haradhan Kumar Mohajan — 2025-08-08

Viral hepatitis is a term that refers to inflammation of the liver due to a viral infection. The hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a blood-borne pathogen and only occurs as either a co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or as a super-infection of persons with chronic HBV. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a virus that can infect both animals and humans. The HDV infection may be severe in children. On the other hand, HEV infection may be severe in pregnant women. Common symptoms of both infections are nausea and vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, fatigue, malaise, and jaundice. Both infections can cause acute for short-term infection or become a long-term chronic infection that may cause liver failure, chronic hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. There is no vaccine of both viruses, and treatments are supportive. The pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) is the available therapy to treat both infections associated with significant side-effects. An attempt is taken here to discuss the management and prevention strategies of both infections.

Research on Promotion Strategies for Financial Information Technology Innovation Products in Small and Medium-Sized Financial Institutions: Construction and Application of a Data-Driven Decision System

Jin Zhang — 2025-08-08

The rapid development of financial technology has positioned financial information technology innovation products as crucial tools in enhancing the efficiency of financial services, optimizing risk management, and improving customer experience. However, small and medium-sized financial institutions (SMEFs) face significant challenges in their digital transformation journey, including inadequate technological capabilities, substantial cost pressures, and concerns over data security and privacy. These challenges have impeded the widespread adoption of financial information technology innovation products. This study constructs a Data-Driven Promotion Decision System (DDPDS) to meticulously analyze the business requirements, operational models, and market trends of SMEFs, thereby devising a targeted promotion strategy. The research initially clarifies the characteristics of financial information technology innovation products and their current application status in SMEFs. Subsequently, the DDPDS is employed to conduct a precise analysis of SMEFs’ needs, and a differentiated promotion plan is proposed in conjunction with market trends.