Journal of Innovations in Medical Research

Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Medicine: A SWOT Analysis of AI ‎Progress in Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Safety

2025-06-03T10:25:04+00:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a developing driver of innovation in clinical medicine, with reported advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and patient safety. Its capabilities may support new applications in care delivery and quality improvement, though the full extent of its impact remains under investigation. ‎This analysis aimed to explore recent advances in AI across clinical laboratory medicine, infectious disease management, and pharmacovigilance, drawing insights from a ‎peer-reviewed English literature published between 2019 and 2024. The study presented a descriptive literature review using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) framework to examine recent AI developments in selected clinical domains, noting its emerging role and potential relevance in clinical settings. In clinical laboratories, AI has been associated with improved diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, while in infectious diseases, it has enabled ‎rapid pathogen identification and precision-guided treatments. In pharmacovigilance, AI has been explored for its potential to enhance predictive analytics and real-time monitoring, which may have contributed to reducing medication-related errors and adverse drug events. Despite these reported benefits, AI adoption raised critical concerns, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the ongoing need for human oversight. Addressing these challenges is essential to promote ethical, transparent, and appropriate AI integration into clinical medicine. By addressing these complexities, AI may unlock new opportunities in personalized medicine, safety, and care delivery, positioning it as a supportive tool in the evolving landscape of clinical practice.‎

Histopathological and Biochemical Evaluation of β-Sitosterol from Lawsonia Inermis in Aspartame-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2025-06-06T11:42:45+00:00

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the modulatory impact of β-sitosterol isolated from lawsonia inermis on Aspartame mediated testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. Settings and Design: Forty-five male Wistar rats were used for the study. The rats were divided into nine groups; each containing five rats and were treated daily for 30 days. Group 1 received 5mls of distilled water orally, group 2 received 40mg/kg of aspartame (ASP) for 20 days, while group 3 received 160mg/kg of ASP for 20 days, and group 4 was given 60mg/kg of β-sitosterol (β-sit.) for 20 days, while group 5 received 100mg/kg of β-sit. for 20 days. Group 6 received 40mg/kg of ASP for 15days followed by 60mg/kg β-sit. for the next 15 days, while group 7 had 160mg/kg ASP for 15 days, then 100mg/kg of β-sit for 15 days. Group 8 was given 60mg/kg β-sit. for 15 days, preceding 40mg/kg ASP for 15 days while group 9 received 100mg/kg β-sit. for 15 days, then 160mg/kg ASP for 15 days. Results: At the end of the experiment it was observed that there was less weight gained in group 2, 3, 6 and 8 while group 5 and 7 gained weight significantly. Histological studies using H&E showed cellular necrosis within the seminiferous tubules (ST) as well as marked edema in the intertubular spaces in groups 2 and 3 while group 4 appeared fairly normal, groups 5 and 6 showed the lumen with very few spermatozoa present. Groups 7, 8, and 9 had normal seminiferous tubules with mild edema levels in the intertubular spaces. These observations were corroborated by PAS staining technique which further revealed extensive erosion of the basement membrane and loss of connective tissue and Leydig cells in groups 2 and 3 including cellular distortion, groups 5, 6, 8, and 9 showed mild to moderate levels of edema in the intertubular spaces. An assay of GPX showed increased levels mostly in group 3 (p‹0.05). MDA was also significantly higher in groups 2, 3 and 6 (p‹0.05). Catalase activity decreased significantly in groups 2, 3, and 5 (p‹0.05) with improvements in groups 6, 7, and 8. Conclusion: It was observed from the results that aspartame can induce a series of deleterious oxidative changes in the testes resulting in possible impaired testicular function, however, β-sitosterol isolated from lawsonia inermis may modulate the effects of aspartame when administered 15 days sequel to an initial 15 days exposure to aspartame.

Mini Review: Artificial Intelligence and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

2025-06-06T11:45:45+00:00

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by significant clinical heterogeneity, posing substantial challenges in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Artificial Intelligence (AI), with its ability to analyze large and multidimensional datasets, offers innovative solutions to address these challenges. This review explores the current applications of AI in SLE research, highlighting its role in early diagnosis, biomarker discovery, imaging analysis, and personalized treatment strategies. We also discuss the integration of AI in disease monitoring, including the prediction of flares and remote patient management through telemedicine platforms. Despite its promise, the implementation of AI in SLE faces challenges such as data quality issues, ethical concerns, and the need for algorithm interpretability. Looking ahead, advancements in AI techniques, multi-omics integration, and interdisciplinary collaboration hold potential to overcome these barriers and transform SLE care. By synthesizing existing literature, this review underscores the transformative potential of AI in improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing therapeutic interventions, and enhancing patient outcomes in SLE. Future research should focus on addressing current limitations and fostering equitable, clinically relevant AI applications to advance the field of lupus research and care.

Management Strategies of Fatal Liver Infection Due to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

2025-06-06T11:51:19+00:00

Hepatitis is a liver inflammatory disease that can cause severe liver scarring. Hepatitis C is a blood-borne fatal disease of the liver that is caused by a virus called the hepatitis virus C (HCV), which lives in liver tissue and blood. It can be both an acute (short-term) illness (25-15%) and a chronic (long-term) infection (75-85%) that may gradually damage the liver. It is characterized by possible development of both liver and extra-hepatic disorders. The HCV infection is usually asymptomatic. Chronic infection with the HCV represents a major health problem worldwide that accounts for life-threatening liver disease, such as liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver failure, and ultimately needs liver transplantation, or to face unexpected premature death. Early treatment for hepatitis C is highly cost-effective and disease progression restricted, and can be avoided end-stage liver disease. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors, transformation rout, and complication of HCV for the management of the disease to save millions of lives.