Journal of Innovations in Medical Research

Betanin Ameliorates Triclosan-Induced Spermatogenic Dysfunction and Testicular Damage in Prenatally Exposed Wistar Rats

Eneh Chidera Amanda — 2025-04-08

Aims: To investigate the effects of betanin on reproductive hormones, sperm parameters, testicular histology and testicular damage induced by prenatal TCS exposure in Wistar rats. Study Design: Experimental study design, using a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) approach with animal subjects (Wistar rats). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, between August and October 2024. Methodology: Sixty Wistar rats were divided into ten groups (n=6/group). Groups received varying doses of TCS (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), betanin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), or a combination of both for 31 days. Hormone levels, sperm count and morphology, and testicular histology were assessed. Results: TCS exposure significantly reduced testosterone levels (20 mg/kg TCS: 1.35±0.31 ng/ml) and LH (20 mg/kg TCS: 1.10±0.14 mlU/ml), sperm count (20 mg/kg TCS: 74.00 ± 29.69 x10⁶/ml), and normal sperm morphology (20 mg/kg TCS: 29.65%). Betanin co-administration partially mitigated these effects, with the 20 mg/kg betanin + 20 mg/kg TCS group showing near-control levels of testosterone (3.77±0.74 ng/ml) and LH (2.70±0.29 mlU/ml), and improved sperm count (5 mg/kg TCS + 5 mg/kg betanin: 97.20 ± 3.11 x10⁶/ml) and morphology. Histological analysis revealed severe testicular damage in TCS-exposed groups, which was partially ameliorated by betanin. Conclusion: Prenatal TCS exposure impairs male reproductive function. Betanin offers partial protection, suggesting its potential therapeutic role against TCS-induced reproductive toxicity.

Postoperative Complications of Minor Amputation Stump in Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Study

Yosra HASNI — 2025-04-08

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue in Tunisia, with a prevalence of 12.2% in 2016, and diabetic foot affects up to 25% of patients, leading to serious complications such and amputations. Postoperative complications of amputations include necrosis, phantom pain, and infection, but few studies in Tunisia have explored their incidence, prompting an exploratory study to examine these complications. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 4 months, from October 2021 to February 2022, at the General Surgery Department of Mohamed Taher Maamouri Regional Hospital in Nabeul and the Endocrinology Department of the Farhat Hached University Hospital Center in Sousse, involving diabetic patients hospitalized for unilateral minor lower limb amputation. Results: The study included 14 patients, with 6 from the Endocrinology Department at the Farhat Hached University Hospital in Sousse and 8 from the General Surgery Department at the Mohamed Taher Maamouri Regional Hospital in Nabeul. The average age of the participants was 50.29 ± 13.69 years. There was a male predominance, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.7. All patients had type 2 diabetes (85.7%), and insulin was the most prescribed treatment (57.1%). 43% of patients had diabetes for 10 to 20 years. 57.14% of the patients (8/14) had cardiovascular disease, and 78.5% (11/14) had diabetic retinopathy. The podiatric assessment revealed cyanosis (57.1%) and thick nails (100%). The dorsal skin flexibility was reduced in 92.9% of the patients. Arterially, 57.14% of the patients were in stage 3 or 4 of the Leriche and Fontaine classification, indicating severe ischemia. Wet gangrene was the most frequent reason for amputation (50% of cases). 13 were evaluated postoperatively after the death of one patient on day 1. During the first dressing change, various complications were observed: hyperkeratosis (15.3%), infections (15.3%), non-budding stump with fibrin (38.4%), and necrotic tissue (15.3%). At the first follow-up appointment, four patients were lost to follow-up, reducing the sample size to nine. (55.5%) had delayed wound healing and hyperkeratosis had progressed, affecting 77.8% of the patients (7/9). The infection rate had tripled compared to the initial observation. Conclusion: This study identified a range of early and late complications, including infections, necrosis, and delayed healing in 14 patients following minor amputation. Despite the small sample size, the findings highlight the importance of personalized care for diabetic amputee.

Liver Diseases: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Management Strategy

Haradhan Kumar Mohajan — 2025-04-08

The liver is a highly complex many cell types largest internal solid organ in the body. The most common causes of liver disease are viral hepatitis; over alcohol, fat, and toxin chemicals consumption; autoimmunity; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); and hereditary problems and drug reactions. More than 844 million people worldwide suffer from a chronic liver disease and more than two million people die each year worldwide due to liver disease. About two-thirds of them are men, and most of them are related to complications of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The burden of liver disease is increasing due to unconscious lifestyle, consumption of unhygienic foods, poor available data, limitations of resources, hepatitis, inadequate and poorly national and global fund of liver treatment, insufficient hepatologists, use of traditional medicines and herbal supplements, poverty and malnutrition, etc. This review study tries to discuss the global and regional prevalence, incidence, fatality, mortality, diagnosis, and treatment of liver disease.

Mean Platelet Volume and Cancer-Associated Deep Vein Thrombosis

A. Guiga — 2025-04-08

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common and serious complication in cancer patients, primarily driven by malignancy-induced hypercoagulability and systemic inflammation. Mean platelet volume (MPV), a hematological parameter reflecting platelet activation and inflammatory status, has been proposed as a potential marker for thromboembolic risk stratification in oncology. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to assess the association between MPV and DVT in patients with underlying cancer. Methods: We analyzed MPV levels in a cohort of 102 patients diagnosed with DVT, including 18 individuals with active malignancy. Results: Although MPV values were slightly elevated in cancer patients compared to non-cancer patients, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.86). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MPV is not a reliable biomarker for cancer-associated DVT. Further studies exploring alternative hematological and inflammatory markers are warranted to improve risk assessment in this high-risk population.

Phytochemistry, Nutritional Composition, Health Benefits, Applications and Future Prospects of Momordica Charantia L.: A Comprehensive Review

Dan Han — 2025-04-08

Momordica charantia L., commonly known as bitter melon (BM) or bitter gourd, has great nutritional value and versatile properties. BM is consumed directly as a traditional vegetable or used for pickling, and has also been made into uniquely flavored canned products, tea, compound beverages, and wine. Various extracts, juices and isolated compounds show a wide range of health effects and biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antifungal, neuroprotective, and blood cholesterol-reducing effects. In this review, we not only review the phytochemical properties of BM but also highlight the potential of Chia seeds for food applications and the use of all parts as a source of ingredients for medicines and cosmetics that promote health and well-being. This will provide theoretical support for the integrated use of such natural products.

Youth in Action: Party Building Empowering High-Quality Development of the Communist Youth League in Infectious Disease Hospitals — A New Practice

Luxin Han — 2025-04-08

Under the strategic framework of China’s high-quality public health development, Nanning Fourth People’s Hospital has pioneered a Party-guided Communist Youth League (CYL) model in infectious disease healthcare, demonstrating innovative organizational synergy and youth-driven impact. The hospital’s CYL committee established a tripartite development system—ideological anchoring, organizational optimization, and professional enablement—achieving transformative outcomes: a 210% increase in youth mobilization efficiency (2022–2024), 98% theoretical engagement via dual-track ideological education (“Party branch mentorship + youth lecture teams”), and recognition of clinical units as National/Provincial Youth Civilization Collectives. Breakthroughs in HIV/AIDS immunotherapy and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis management were realized through youth-led innovation. During COVID-19, 432 young clinicians under Party leadership achieved a 25% reduction in ICU mortality through standardized protocols while maintaining zero nosocomial infections. The “Nightingale” volunteer-service ecosystem integrated clinical expertise with community health initiatives, delivering 50,000+ beneficiary engagements. Future roadmaps prioritize AI-driven diagnostics, telemedicine networks, and a mentorship-based talent pipeline to strengthen grassroots infectious disease control. This practice validates the multiplier effect of Party-CYL collaboration in healthcare modernization, offering an exemplary model for aligning youth mobilization with the “Healthy China” strategy through socially accountable medical leadership.