Journal of Innovations in Medical Research

Comparative Characteristics of Eating Behavior, Habits, and Patterns of Normal and Overweight Children, Including Obese Children

I.I. Novikova — 2024-05-10

Introduction: One of the reasons for the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults, and especially children and adolescents, is eating habits and eating behavior, which are formed by the rules of nutrition established in the family. Purpose of the Study: Conduct a comparative assessment of the nature of nutrition and eating habits of overweight schoolchildren, including obesity, and those with normal body weight to justify the development of measures aimed at preventing the formation of overweight and alimentary-related diseases. Materials and Methods: The materials for the study were the data of a survey of 2029 schoolchildren aged 7-17. The survey program included questions reflecting knowledge of the principles of healthy eating and adherence to its principles in family and school meals, the structure and mode of eating were studied. Statistical analysis was carried out using STATISTICA 10 and Microsoft Excel application packages. Parametric methods of analysis were used. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: A high frequency of adherence to the consumption of high-calorie foods was established, which is typical both for respondents with overweight and obesity, and with normal body weight. In the group of children with overweight and obesity, a higher frequency of food intake was revealed both on weekends and on school days 75.4% versus 65.6% and in the group with normal body weight, respectively, 73.4% versus 60.8% (p≤0.05), which is largely due to the greater proportion of children in this group who eat according to the main diet at school (73.2% versus 59.3%, p≤0.05), as well as attending the canteen in addition to the main nutrition (78.6% vs. 14.3%, (p≤0.05), more often buying main meat and fish dishes (6.7% vs. 4.8%), cereals (1.8% vs. 7%), sausages or wieners (4.0% vs. 1.1%), less often - fruits (2.7% vs. 3.4%), which increases the energy value of the diet compared to children with normal body weight. Conclusion: The study made it possible to identify violations of eating behavior and eating habits in schoolchildren with different BMI indicators, which pose additional risks of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren. Habits in the group of children with overweight, which are the source of the formation of risk factors for diseases associated with overweight and obesity, as well as the peculiarities of eating habits in the group of children with normal body weight. The data obtained require the need to develop preventive measures aimed at creating positive motivation in children to reduce the consumption of critically important nutrients, develop healthy eating habits, and consume food that is balanced with regard to actual energy consumption and physiological need for food and biologically valuable substances.

Fortuitous Discovery of Splenic Artery Aneurysm: About Two Cases

M. MAHIR — 2024-05-10

Incidental findings of splenic artery aneurysms during imaging studies have underscored the importance of medical imaging in diagnosing and managing such conditions. We present two cases where splenic artery aneurysms were fortuitously discovered through imaging, highlighting the significance of imaging modalities in these cases.

Takayasu Artiritis, Peyronie’s Disease and Dupuytren’s Disease: A Non-Fortuitous Association

Thabet Maissa — 2024-05-10

Background: Peyronie’s disease (PD), Dupuytren’s disease (DD) and Ledderhose disease (LD) are three localized fibrosis. Its pathophysiology is still controversial. Many factors as genetic predisposition, trauma and inflammation could be related. These disorders are commonly associated to environmental factors, diabetes and microtrauma. Until now, there is not a study reporting an association between PD, DD and large vessel vasculitis particularly takayasu’s arteritis. Case Report: It is about a 52-year-old man weaned from smoking since 15 years, with a history of takayasu’s arteritis for 10 years. At the CT angiography, he had a stenosis of the left subclavian artery, left carotid artery and left renal artery with a functional right kidney.

At the physical examination, the penis size was normal but curved and deviated to the right side with palpable nodules. A penile ultrasonography was performed showing hyeperchogenic thickening of the tunica albuginea.

The upper limbs examination showed nodules in the palm, fourth and fifth fingers in two hands but more pronounced in the left hand, with contractures related to DD and absence pulses in the left subclavian, humeral and radial arteries. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies or cases reporting the association between a vasculitis of large artery and DD and PD. The presence of a PD on an occluded renal artery and a DD on a stenosed left subclavian artery, could be explain this theory.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPAR γ): A Systemic Insulin Sensitizer Associated with Decreased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Devajit Mohajan — 2024-05-10

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are three members of the nuclear receptor prearranged by separate genes as PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ that differ in tissue distribution and specific function. PPARγ is a nuclear receptor highly expressed in the colon, and plays a key role in bacterial induced inflammation. It is a mediator of adipocyte differentiation that regulates transcription of several genes involved in fatty acid and energy metabolism. It is known as the glitazone reverse insulin resistance receptor or nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 3 (NR1C3). It is activated by anti-diabetic Thiazolidinedione (TZD) drugs and is used as insulin sensitizers and also a favorite option for the treatment of T2D patients. It is used as monotherapy or in combination with other oral hypoglycaemic agents, which are generally safe and well-tolerated. The aim of this mini review is to discuss the potential roles of PPARγ for the prevention and treatment of T2D.

Should Healthcare for NCDs Be Equated with Other Goods and Services? — Commodification of Health Care in NDCs

Shen Wang — 2024-05-10

Healthcare services for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) cannot be simply treated as tradable goods or services. The debate surrounding whether healthcare should be equated to commodities is complex, involving economic, ethical, and social considerations. While market-driven approaches can enhance innovation and efficiency, critics caution against the risks of inequality and the erosion of social solidarity. Commodification of NCD healthcare may worsen existing disparities, prioritize profit over patient well-being, and neglect prevention strategies. Balancing efficiency with equity and preventive measures is essential in managing NCDs effectively while addressing the shortcomings of a commodified healthcare system.

Mechanism of Meditation and the Human’s Plexus System for Acquiring Transcendental Powers

Mahesh Man Shrestha — 2024-05-10

The process of meditation resembles the principles of string theory, wherein the individual’s unit or personal mind traverses through infinitesimal quantum strings, swiftly arriving at desired destinations. Meditation, being a construct of thoughts, facilitates the enhancement of the human mind’s wavelength to infinity, aligning it with higher planes and unlocking mystical abilities. Each plexus possesses unique propensities, expressed through vibrating words, dimensions, or vrittis. These plexuses emit specific sounds, termed acoustic roots, which exert control over corresponding physical organs. Spiritual practice involves the purification and regulation of these plexuses. Throughout history, certain ascetics or spiritual practitioners, commonly known as sadhus or babas, have reportedly attained miraculous powers and prolonged their lives beyond 250 years by energizing their plexus systems through meditation.