Journal of Innovations in Medical Research

Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) Score: A Predicting Model for Liver Failure Patients Who Wait for Liver Transplantation

Haradhan Kumar Mohajan — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score is used to classify the severity of chronic liver disease (CLD), cirrhosis, and liver failure to estimate prognosis and mortality. It is based on the severity of three objective parameters, such as serum albumin, serum total bilirubin, and prothrombin time; and two subjective parameters, such as ascites and encephalopathy that is currently used for surgical risk evaluation and robust prediction. It has been the reference for assessing the prognosis of cirrhosis for six decades at the end-stage liver disease. It has been used extensively to risk-stratify patients with cirrhosis to evaluate efficacy of therapeutic procedures. In this study an attempt has been taken to discuss the survival predictive value of CTP scoring system in patients of decompensated cirrhosis and other related factors.

Fracture, Healing, and Medical Pluralism: A Medical Anthropological Comparison of Western Biomedicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Dai Medicine

Ziqi Jin — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

A broken bone in southwestern China can be seen and treated through three medical systems: Western biomedicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Dai medicine. Each has their own story of injury and healing. The paper takes fracture treatment as a case study of medical pluralism and compares the three systems in explaining, diagnosing and treating fractures, and in the movement of patients among them. Based on the explanatory model in medical anthropology, individual case studies, hospital fieldwork at Xishuangbanna Lin Yanfang Ethnic Hospital and literature. The paper argues that the systems provide differing, and sometimes incommensurable, readings of fracture: biomedical, as vascular and tissue disruption; TCM, as Qi-blood stagnation; and Dai medicine, as elemental or ‘cold’ imbalance. In practice, however, they often coexist rather than act alone. Hospitals that include biomedical, TCM, and Dai clinics, as well as cases in which TCM bone-setting is combined with surgical fixation, are examples of what medical anthropology calls ‘interpenetrative pluralism’. But that pluralism isn’t symmetrical. Patients generally first encounter biomedicine and then turn to traditional systems because of cost, trust, cultural familiarity, and a practitioner’s reputation. Fracture care illustrates how bodily injuries are interpreted through culturally situated ideas about the body, institutional histories, and unequal forms of medical legitimacy.

Clinical Observation on Auricular Acupoint Combined with Constitution-Differentiated Dietary Therapy for Intervening Tobacco Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions

Panyi Cao — Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy and constitution-differentiated characteristics of a three-dimensional integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) protocol consisting of auricular point pressing and bean-embedding plus constitution-differentiated dietary therapy in patients with tobacco dependence. A prospective single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 420 patients with mild-to-moderate tobacco dependence were enrolled and assigned to two groups at a 1:1 ratio (210 cases per group). The control group received routine smoking-cessation health education. On this basis, the observation group received comprehensive interventions, including auricular point pressing with beans, three-type constitution-differentiated dietary therapy, and individualized emotional regulation care. The intervention lasted for 4 weeks with a 12-week follow-up. Finally, 402 valid cases were obtained with a dropout rate of 4.29 %. After intervention, the 4-week smoking-cessation success rate and 12-week continuous abstinence rate in the observation group were 78.57 % and 65.24 %, which were significantly higher than 42.38 % and 28.57 % in the control group; the 12-week relapse rate of 21.43 % was markedly lower than 57.62 % in the control group (all P < 0.001). The total MNWS score in the observation group decreased by 12.36 ± 3.12 points, with more prominent improvements in FTND and SAS scores (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that anxiety was most significantly improved in the liver-stagnation subtype, body-weight control achieved better outcomes in the phlegm-dampness subtype, and the highest compliance was observed in the qi-deficiency subtype. The incidence of mild adverse reactions in the observation group was 3.80 % (Liu Y, Zhang L & Wang H., 2024), indicating favorable safety. This comprehensive TCM intervention can remarkably relieve withdrawal symptoms and reduce relapse risk with obvious constitution-differentiated advantages, which is worthy of clinical promotion.