Law and Economy

Automated Teller Machine Transactions and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria: A Multivariate Approach

2025-10-30T02:48:13+00:00

This study examined Automated Teller Machine transactions and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, the estimated model was to examine the impact of volume, value and number of ATMs on performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Adopting the OLS multiple regression technique, secondary data was obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical database on CBN website. The OLS regression results indicated that volume of ATM transactions has no significant influence on bank performance. While value of ATMs transaction and numbers of ATMs positively and significantly impacts on the performance of DMBs in Nigeria. The study concludes that ATM transactions are on the increase since its inception in Nigeria. To some extent, the outcomes of our study have justified the implementation of this initiative and ATMs has sufficiently impacted banking performance. It is recommended among other things that monetary authorities and managers of deposits money banks should increase the spread of ATMs terminals across the country since the efficient utilization of ATMs ultimately enhance bank performance in Nigeria.

An Appraisal of the Concept and Nature of Diplomatic Immunity Under International Law

2025-11-11T05:40:40+00:00

This article focuses on the concept and juridical contours of diplomatic immunity as enshrined within the corpus of international law. It interrogates the doctrinal underpinnings, normative justifications, and evolving interpretive paradigms governing the immunities and privileges accorded to diplomatic agents, particularly within the framework of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Rooted in the principles of functional necessity and sovereign equality, diplomatic immunity is here appraised not merely as a pragmatic tool of diplomatic intercourse, but as a sui generis manifestation of international legal personality and intersubjective state comity. The paper analytically deconstructs the bifurcation between ratione personae and ratione materiae immunities, while critically evaluating the tension between the inviolability of diplomatic personnel and the imperatives of host state jurisdiction, accountability, and human rights obligations. Furthermore, the article explores emergent state practices and judicial pronouncements that challenge or reinforce the orthodoxy of absolute immunity, thereby revealing the dialectical nexus between customary international law, treaty law, and the shifting matrix of geopolitical realities. The inquiry contends that while diplomatic immunity remains an indispensable tenet of international diplomatic relations, its contours demand recalibration to reconcile the foundational objective of sovereign representation with the imperatives of justice, legal certainty, and international accountability.

The Effectiveness of the Measures Put in Place Protecting Consumers Against Dangerous Goods in Cameroon

2025-11-11T05:43:44+00:00

Over the years, consumer protection has been driven by increasing concerns about public health and safety due to the circulation of hazardous and substandard products, necessitating legislative responses. The research problem focuses on the gaps and inefficiencies in legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms that undermine consumer protection against dangerous goods, exposing consumers to significant health and safety risks. The main research objective is to evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of existing protective measures, legal instruments, and enforcement practices in Cameroon. The study adopts a qualitative methodology involving a review of relevant laws, policies, legal cases, and interviews with stakeholders in consumer protection agencies and industry regulators. Major findings reveal that while Cameroon has established legal provisions such as the Penal Code and Consumer Protection Law to deter the circulation of dangerous goods, enforcement remains weak due to institutional deficiencies, lack of public awareness, and limited regulatory oversight. The study concludes that these challenges compromise consumer safety and hinder the full realization of protective laws. The research recommends strengthening regulatory institutions, enhancing public education campaigns on consumer rights, increasing monitoring and enforcement of safety standards, and improving coordination among agencies to ensure more effective protection of consumers against dangerous goods.

Review of Procuratorial Recommendations as a Mechanism for Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation

2025-11-11T05:45:54+00:00

The prosecutorial recommendation system for environmental administrative public interest litigation represents a significant innovation in the procuratorial organs’ fulfillment of their legal supervisory responsibilities. This article reviews relevant research and analyzes its development and challenges from the perspectives of institutional attributes, procedural rules, and practical difficulties. The research concludes that while this system combines pre-litigation procedural and independent oversight, it has become a relatively complete system. However, it still faces challenges such as insufficient rigidity, ambiguous standards, and poor coordination. Future efforts should strengthen its legalization, refinement, and coordination to promote its greater role in the rule of law for ecological civilization.