Law and Economy

Strategies for Achieving Climate Governance in Cameroon: A Legal Appraisal

Felix Fung Kum — 2025-10-14

Climate governance over the last decades has occupied the minds of many scholars who are much concerned with ensuring appropriate protection of the environment. Because of the hazards and negative impact of climate change, many scholars thinks that climate governance is an unavoidable issues that society must seek to achieve. The article addresses the crucial need for effective climate governance amidst growing environmental and socio-economic challenges caused by climate change in Cameroon. Despite its commitment to international climate agreements, Cameroon faces significant legal and institutional gaps that hinder the integration of climate change considerations into national policies and sectoral plans. The research problem focuses on the absence of a comprehensive and enforceable legal framework that mandates public institutions to incorporate climate adaptation and mitigation measures into their operations, resulting in weak policy implementation and limited climate action effectiveness. The main objective is to appraise existing legal frameworks and propose strategic legal reforms that can enhance climate governance in Cameroon for sustainable development. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study reviews climate-related laws, policy documents, and stakeholder consultations to analyze gaps and opportunities in Cameroon’s climate governance architecture. Major findings reveal that while Cameroon has ratified key international conventions and developed some sectoral strategies, its legal framework remains fragmented and non-binding, with poor enforcement mechanisms. Institutional weaknesses, insufficient public participation, corruption, and lack of climate mainstreaming into budgets are prominent challenges. The study concludes that Cameroon’s climate governance can only be strengthened through comprehensive legal reforms that institutionalize climate obligations, improve coordination among ministries, and promote transparency and inclusiveness. It recommends enacting binding climate legislation, enhancing institutional capacities, ensuring public participation, and integrating climate considerations into all development policies and budgets to achieve effective climate governance aligned with sustainable development goals.

An Appraisal of the Application of the Principle of Complementarity in the Functioning of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights Within the African Human Rights System

Fritz Lifoko Mokake — 2025-10-14

The principle of complementarity is a very vital principle in international law. The principle of complementarity promotes respect for national sovereignty, encourages domestic accountability, prevents impunity, ensures efficient allocation of resources, and strengthens international-domestic cooperation. This article examines or makes an appraisal on the application of the principle of complementarity in the functioning of the African Human Rights Commission and the African Human Rights Court system. The study uses a qualitative research methodology, employing primary data sources from vital conventions like the Rome Statute, African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and a host of others. Secondary data came from textbooks, journal articles, reports, and newspapers. The study is underpinned or anchored by the natural law theory and the functional theory. The findings in the study reveals blatantly like that the principle of complementarity is crucial to the African human rights system, fostering a cooperative and mutually reinforcing relationship between the Commission and the Court but however, its effectiveness in practice has been characterized by variability, with both successful instances and significant challenges. And as result of this, there is need to enhance cooperation between the commission and the court, increase awareness and visibility, develop clear guidelines and to improve access to the court.

Forensic Audit Practice and Occurrence of Fraud in Public Sector Organization: A Study of University of Douala, Cameroon

Kengne Fotsing Prosper — 2025-10-16

The study examined forensic audit practice and occurrence of fraud in public sector organization. A study of University of Douala, Cameroon. The specific objectives were to: examine the effect of substantive technique on fraud control, determine the effect of statistical principle on fraud control and to ascertain the effect of data mining application on fraud control. The study adopted primary sources of data using questionnaire instruments. Ordinary least square of multiple regression was adopted in this study. The major findings revealed thus: there was a significant effect of substantive technique on fraud control, there was a significant effect of statistical principle on fraud control and data mining application had a significant effect on fraud control. On the basis of these findings, the study recommended; thus, Eradication of economic and financial crime through the adoption of forensic accounting in the system will improve the image of university under review. Also, detection and prevention of corruption have given rise to the profession of forensic accounting. Due to this fact, the most important thing University has to do with regard to fraud is to prevent crime from being committed. Finally, government and regulatory authorities should ensure the provision of standards and guidelines to regulate forensic activities and above all educational sectors should embrace integrity, objectivity, fairness and accountability in their day-to-day activities.

Systematic Reflection and Optimization of Digital Empowerment in Procuratorial Supervision

Lingjie Jiang — 2025-10-20

This study employs a holistic approach to examine the theoretical and practical dimensions of digital procuratorate, aiming to refine its foundational framework within China’s legal context. Digital empowerment has significantly advanced procuratorial work by enabling structured progress, diversifying supervision models, and innovating case-handling methodologies. Compared to traditional oversight, it enhances five key dimensions: supervision time (extended coverage), supervision modes (diversified approaches), supervision conditions (improved technical support), supervision functions (expanded scope), and supervision means (advanced tools). Despite these advancements, persistent challenges include underdeveloped digital supervision concepts, fragmented institutional systems, inadequate integration of digital tools, shortages of interdisciplinary talent, and enduring data silos. To systematically propel digital empowerment and foster the legalization, standardization, and institutionalization of digital procuratorate, this study proposes comprehensive optimization strategies: digital proactive supervision, institutional standards systems, the “Three-in-One Inspection” approach, application platforms & models, data-sharing channels, integrated work mechanisms, and interdisciplinary talent development. These recommendations aim to bridge gaps between theory and practice while aligning with China’s modernization goals for judicial and social governance.

China’s Participation in Global Climate Governance: From Paris Agreement to Carbon Neutrality

Rui Wang — 2025-10-22

This paper examines China’s evolving role in global climate governance from the Paris Agreement to its 2060 carbon neutrality commitment. It argues that China’s transformation from a defensive participant to a proactive leader reflects a deep structural integration of environmental law, economic reform, and international diplomacy. The analysis outlines six dimensions of this evolution: the historical trajectory of China’s climate diplomacy, the development of domestic legal and policy frameworks, the economic restructuring toward carbon neutrality, multilateral and bilateral cooperation strategies, the tensions between development and decarbonization, and prospective pathways for sustainable governance. Drawing on data from the International Energy Agency and China’s National Bureau of Statistics, the paper highlights measurable progress, including a 48% decline in carbon intensity since 2005 and global leadership in renewable energy capacity. However, challenges such as regional disparities, coal dependency, and legal enforcement gaps continue to constrain China’s transition. The study concludes that China’s future success will depend on institutionalizing climate law, accelerating technological innovation, and strengthening equitable international cooperation. By aligning national development with global sustainability, China is positioned to play a defining role in shaping the next phase of global climate governance.