Law and Economy

Behavioural Finance Factors and Investors Decision in Cross River State

Fri, 09 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study empirically examined tests of behavioral finance factors and investors decision. The specific objectives were to: examine the relationship between overconfidence and investment decision, ascertain the relationship between herding and investment decision, and to investigate the relationship between Risk perception and investment decision. This study employed a survey research design in order to reproducing an extensive and exact picture of the stock market of Nigeria behavioral financing/ investment decisions. The target population of this study included all individual investors in the stock market in the year 2023, with the population of one hundred and ninety-six (196). Primary data was employed, and data were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation. Based on the results, the major findings of the study included were: there was a significant relationship between overconfidence and investment decision, there was a significant relationship between herding and investment decision and finally, there was a significant relationship between Risk perception and investment decision. The study concluded that behavioral finance factors measured with overconfidence, Herding and Risk Perception have significant relationship on the decision of individual investors. It is recommended that behavioral financial factors should be considered which could have an impact on investor’s decision.

Transformation Pathways of Organizational Structures in Italy’s Traditional Manufacturing Industry in the Context of Industry 4.0

Giulia Marchetti-Valerio — Fri, 09 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper investigates the transformation pathways of organizational structures in Italy’s traditional manufacturing sector amid the pressures and opportunities of Industry 4.0. Rooted in a legacy of small, family-owned firms and regionally embedded industrial districts, Italian manufacturing is undergoing a complex transition shaped by digital disruption, demographic shifts, and sustainability imperatives. Drawing on institutional, regional, and organizational analysis, the paper identifies key drivers of change—including policy incentives, market dynamics, and technological innovation—as well as the sources of resistance and structural inertia that hinder reform. Particular attention is paid to the evolving governance models, hybrid workforce roles, and the mediating role of vocational and academic institutions. The paper argues for a strategic convergence of digital and green transitions, supported by decentralized innovation ecosystems and inclusive capacity-building. It concludes by proposing a framework for resilient, smart, and sustainable manufacturing tailored to the socio-cultural fabric of Italy’s industrial heritage.

Financial Legal Risks and Prevention Mechanisms in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: A Systemic Analysis

Yiding Liang — Fri, 09 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines critical financial legal challenges in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) within the context of increasing global economic integration. Through multi-jurisdictional case analysis and comparative legal research, it reveals systemic vulnerabilities stemming from regulatory disparities, financing constraints, and currency volatility across different legal frameworks. The investigation identifies three primary risk clusters: transactional risks arising from information asymmetry during due diligence, compliance risks associated with conflicting financial regulations, and post-merger integration risks involving cross-border capital management. Current prevention mechanisms demonstrate limited effectiveness due to fragmented risk management approaches and reactive strategies. A comprehensive prevention framework is proposed, integrating pre-transaction risk assessment protocols, dynamic monitoring systems for capital flows, and standardized compliance mechanisms adaptable to diverse legal environments. The framework emphasizes proactive risk identification through enhanced information-sharing channels between financial institutions and regulatory bodies, coupled with intelligent early-warning systems for financial compliance monitoring. Implementation pathways suggest establishing transnational coordination mechanisms and specialized risk assessment tools tailored for small-to-medium enterprises engaged in cross-border transactions. Findings indicate that adopting this integrated approach could substantially improve risk mitigation capabilities while maintaining operational flexibility. The research contributes practical insights for enterprises navigating complex cross-border transactions and provides policy recommendations for harmonizing international financial regulatory standards. Future studies should focus on digital compliance solutions and adaptive legal frameworks for emerging financial instruments in M&A activities.