Research and Advances in Education

Level and Influence of Transformational Leadership on the Job Satisfaction of Public Elementary School Teachers in Mallig, Isabela

2026-04-28T05:34:24+00:00

This study investigated the influence of school heads’ transformational leadership on the job satisfaction of public elementary school teachers in Mallig, Isabela. Guided by Bass’s Transformational Leadership Theory and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, the study determined the levels of transformational leadership and job satisfaction, as well as the relationship between them. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed, involving 106 teacher-respondents from sixteen public elementary schools. Data were collected using validated survey instruments and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed high levels of transformational leadership and high job satisfaction among teachers across all dimensions. Findings further showed a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and teacher job satisfaction, indicating that supportive, visionary, and empowering leadership behaviors contribute to increased teacher morale and fulfillment. The study concludes that transformational leadership is a critical determinant of teacher satisfaction in rural school settings and recommends strengthening leadership development programs that promote motivation, professional growth, and collaborative school culture.

Factors Contributing to Students’ Loss of Interest in Learning: A Case Study of Secondary Schools in Butambala District, Uganda

2026-04-28T05:37:17+00:00

This study investigated the factors contributing to students’ loss of interest in learning within secondary schools in Butambala District, Uganda. The research was motivated by declining academic performance and increasing student apathy in the region. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with headteachers, teachers, and students, alongside document review. The study identified three core factors: archaic pedagogical methods that stifle learner autonomy, dilapidated school environments that demotivate students, and socio-economic stressors that prioritize survival over education. The findings suggest that student disengagement is a systemic issue rooted in resource constraints and rigid instructional frameworks. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES) implement mandatory continuous professional development in student-centered pedagogies and increase capitation grants to improve infrastructure. Addressing these factors is critical to restoring interest and improving educational outcomes in Ugandan secondary schools.

From Mindset to Market: Analyzing the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Career Intentions

2026-04-28T05:41:17+00:00

The research looks at the psychological and social influences on Filipino students’ transition into the entrepreneurial realm. The foundation of this study is the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which examines how personal motivations (self-fulfillment, autonomy, and risk tolerance) combine with external sources of support (family, friends, and social status) to shape an individual’s aspirations for a career in entrepreneurship. The research employs a correlational design and quantitative methods, surveying Hospitality Management students at Northeastern College (Santiago City, Philippines). The following findings indicate a statistically significant positive correlation between entrepreneurial attitudes and the intention to pursue a career in entrepreneurship within 5 years of graduating. Although respondents have a medium level of psychological intent to pursue entrepreneurship, their advanced progression into entrepreneurship will be significantly influenced by subjective norms and perceived social support. Personal fulfillment and autonomy were found to be stronger intrinsic motivators for pursuing entrepreneurship than financial reward. The findings suggest that to assist young people in closing the intentions-action gap, educational curricula and policies should promote self-efficacy and develop structured “if-then” plans for implementation.

Scholar-Teachers of Middle School Physics and the Mechanism of Their Teaching-Research Transformation

2026-04-28T05:44:29+00:00

Through a series of questionnaires, this research mainly analyzed the differences in knowledge levels and the issue of teaching-research transformation among middle school physics teachers with different educational background. It is found that the relatively insufficient reserve of interdisciplinary knowledge is common across all academic qualification stages, and this phenomenon is particularly prominent among junior high school physics teachers. Master’s degree physics teachers have the lowest teaching-research transformation ability, which is related to their strong academic utilitarianism. Moreover, master’s degree physics teachers show the most significant academic utilitarianism, on the base of influenced by the professional title environment, this characteristic is more prominent among female teachers group. Based on the above findings, this research constructs a “Teaching-scholar model” for middle school physics teachers and puts forward relevant practical suggestions. It is expected to provide theoretical and practical references for enhancing the matching degree between the professional abilities of middle school physics teachers and their academic qualification levels.

Bridge or Barrier? How Digital Competence Predicts Student Attitudes Toward Generative AI Ethics and Usage

2026-04-28T05:47:05+00:00

With the rapid rise of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), it is important to examine how GenAI, digital competency, and ethics intersect. The Philippines has few studies that analyze these three categories together; this study seeks to understand better how they interact. It used Structural Equation Modelling to conduct a quantitative correlational investigation on this topic. Stratified random sampling was used to poll 498 college students from diverse institutions in Isabela, Philippines, to ensure demographic and intellectual diversity. Students’ digital competencies, GenAI adoption, and ethical concerns were assessed via an online questionnaire. The study found that students exhibited high digital competence (M = 3.48) and a moderate desire to employ Generative AI (M = 3.24), but moderate ethical concerns (M = 3.15). Males were more willing to use GenAI than females (p = 0.011), and fourth-year students exhibited greater ethical concerns and a greater willingness than first-year students. The regression study showed that willingness to use and moral concerns explained 33.2% of the variance in digital competence. Overall, students are technically ready to use GenAI, but their digital competence and ethical application of it remain lacking. Higher education institutions should offer comprehensive professional development and an inclusive curriculum that integrates technical instruction with a strong moral foundation. The gender gap and changing requirements of students at different year levels should be the focus of these activities.