Phytochemistry, Nutritional Composition, Health Benefits, Applications and Future Prospects of Momordica Charantia L.: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Momordica charantia L., commonly known as bitter melon (BM) or bitter gourd, has great nutritional value and versatile properties. BM is consumed directly as a traditional vegetable or used for pickling, and has also been made into uniquely flavored canned products, tea, compound beverages, and wine. Various extracts, juices and isolated compounds show a wide range of health effects and biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antifungal, neuroprotective, and blood cholesterol-reducing effects. In this review, we not only review the phytochemical properties of BM but also highlight the potential of Chia seeds for food applications and the use of all parts as a source of ingredients for medicines and cosmetics that promote health and well-being. This will provide theoretical support for the integrated use of such natural products.