The Role of Exercise in Preventing and Managing Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Regular exercise has significant benefits for cardiovascular health and helps reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. It improves myocardial function, enhances endothelial function, reduces systemic inflammation, impacts the autonomic nervous system, and leads to metabolic adaptations. Epidemiological and clinical studies consistently show an association between exercise and reduced cardiovascular risk, including lower incidence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, stroke, and improved lipid profile. Various organizations provide exercise guidelines, recommending at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week, along with muscle-strengthening activities. Individualization of exercise programs based on health status and fitness level is important.