From Informal Learning to Formal Recognition: Policy Perspectives on Integrating Micro-Credentials into EQF-Aligned Vocational Education

Abstract

As the European workforce navigates a rapidly changing skills landscape, the need to recognize learning beyond traditional education structures has become increasingly urgent. This paper explores the strategic role of micro-credentials in bridging informal and non-formal learning with formal vocational education and training (VET) systems, particularly in alignment with the European Qualifications Framework (EQF). Drawing on current EU policy developments, institutional practices, and emerging quality assurance mechanisms, the study outlines how micro-credentials can be embedded into national qualification systems, mapped to learning outcomes, and validated with trust and transparency. Special attention is given to stakeholder engagement, system readiness, and policy innovation, offering actionable recommendations for establishing a coherent and scalable micro-credential ecosystem. The findings underscore the potential of micro-credentials to support lifelong learning, enhance employability, and promote inclusive education systems across Europe.